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The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), the successor to GSM, is steadily increasing its penetration of the world’s wireless communications markets, and is likely over time to become the primary standard used by not just the current 85% wireless carriers, but by virtually all of them. Its most promising emerging enhancement, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), has moved further along in the standards-setting process and on to the path of initial deployment.
For more than 60 years, microwave technology has been synonymous with Microwave Integrated Circuits (MICs). The first MICs appeared in the 1940s, just over a decade after the first microwave circuits were introduced in waveguide form. Now, even though monolithic MICs (MMICs) have revolutionized (and made possible) most of today’s wireless-enabled devices, products based on MIC fabrication techniques remain the bulk of the output of the microwave industry.
With release of the latest version of Release 8 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in June 2009, the core LTE specification has stabilized. 3GPP Release 8 also encompasses a considerable number of interim enhancements embodied in Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (eHSPA), also known as HSPA+.
