White Papers

With the rapid growth of wireless communication and sensing, there has been increased development of technologies at ever higher frequencies or smaller wavelengths. For example, high bandwidth communication addressed in the 5th Generation (5G) cellular network standards has motivated the opening of spectrum within the K and Ka bands (18-40 GHz). Whether repurposing existing lower frequency materials or developing new higher-frequency optimized materials, component developers need accurate material properties to use in their component designs.

Discover the first-of-its-kind oscilloscope feature that characterizes your signal, finds errors, and identifies them. Fault Hunter helps you perform root cause analysis and save hours of test time. Whether you are a new scope user or seasoned pro, you need an oscilloscope that can help you quickly troubleshoot your designs.

Modern electronic equipment like Radar, Test and Measurement, Instrumentation, Avionics, require precision frequency sources with low phase noise. Although frequency accuracy and precision can be derived from atomic clocks, low phase noise often is not. NEL Frequency Controls Clean-Up VCXO bridges the gap by offering a complementary low phase noise solution to go along with use of atomic clocks. NEL’s application note “Crystal Oscillator Based Clean-up Modules” addresses improving the phase noise of atomic clocks as well as other types of precision frequency sources.

In this trend paper, TE will cover technological challenges, explore specific demands, and share considerations for selecting the optimal antenna for IoT applications. Key Highlights: How the growing use cases of IoT are posing challenges for wireless connectivity Insights on smart building and smart tracking applications trends and challenges

Microwave RF softwarization in the Ka-band will upend satellite air interface design & deliver substantially more versatile platforms over the next decade. The disruptions impacting the space industry suggest the necessity of a development path towards fully software-defined satellites or SoftSats that deliver on-orbit reconfigurability and transponder re-use.

Phase-critical analog and digital transceiver systems are increasingly relied upon in global Aerospace & Defense programs, due, in part, to the rapid advancement and growth of high-resolution phased array antenna technology. These advancements are enabling significant innovation in satellite-based communications (SATCOM), surface, airborne, and space-based radars, secure point-topoint communications, autonomous vehicles, electronic warfare (EW), and space research.

Taking the R&S ESR EMI test receiver as an example, this paper looks at a CISPR 16-1-1- compliant test instrument with time domain scanning capabilities. The paper compares the measurement speed and level measurement accuracy of a conventional stepped frequency scan versus an advanced FFT-based time domain scan. It also contains guidance on making optimum use of time domain scans.

In Part 1, we introduced the phased array concept, beam steering, and array gain. In Part 2, we presented the concept of grating lobes and beam squint. In this section, we begin with a discussion of antenna sidelobes and the effect of tapering across an array. Tapering is simply the manipulation of the amplitude contribution of an individual element to the overall antenna response.

Automatic Fixture Removal (AFR) is a simple and an accurate way to de-embed a measurement fixture. These fixtures are typically used when measuring Surface Mount Device (SMD) type components to provide an interface from the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) test port cables to the Device Under Test (DUT). The main challenge when characterizing such components is to completely isolate the actual DUT characteristics from the fixture; which becomes even more challenging at higher frequencies.

Most ADAS functions rely on radar sensors, and these safety-critical components must function correctly even under the most demanding of RF environments. The white paper describs a test procedure to replicate real life scenarios where the ADAS radar functions are activated during EMS testing and it contains some very interesting results.