Amplifiers

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X-parameters represent a new category of nonlinear network parameters for high-frequency design and are used for characterizing the amplitudes and relative phase of harmonics generated by the nonlinear behavior of components. Developed and introduced by Agilent Technologies, X-parameters are applicable to both large-signal and small-signal conditions, and for linear and nonlinear components. They correctly characterize impedance mismatches and frequency mixing behavior to allow accurate simulation of cascaded nonlinear X-parameter blocks (e.g., amplifiers and mixers), in wireless design. X-parameters play a key role in the development of active devices like the power amplifier (PA) and mixers—critical components in today’s wireless designs.

This white paper looks at reducing overall system cost through higher levels of integration made possible through specific semiconductor technologies.