White Papers

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With this essential guide, you'll have all the tools you need to build a solid foundation of 6G knowledge.

Understanding the meaning of S-parameters, how they are measured, and their limitations can lead to more meaningful simulations of RF- and microwave-frequency inductors, chokes, wideband RF transformers, and high-speed common mode chokes. This document describes how S-parameters are generated and how to best apply them to your simulations.

Simulation can be a big time-saver when designing EMI filters for DC/DC converters. Power supply control chip vendors offer various filter design tools that provide reasonable design choices for filter simulation before any hardware prototype is available. However, simulated results can differ significantly for different tools if simulated models are not accurate or do not cover all the relevant components.

Phase noise is caused by an RF waveform’s unintentional phase modulation, degrading the overall fidelity of a signal. In this white paper, learn phase noise fundamentals, how phase noise impacts the performance of radar and digital communications systems, and the limitations and advantages of two different phase noise measurement methods.

This paper explores the implementation of Mini-Circuits’ BFHK-series high-rejection LTCC filters in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) environment using a novel interposer board and related effects on filter rejection. Real test data from a leading customer’s evaluation of these filters in a channelized housing is presented demonstrating comparable rejection performance to that of stripline implementations in the range of 70 to 90 dB.

Radiofrequency engineers and microwave/mmWave antenna designers are often limited by the strict constraints of traditional antenna manufacturing methods, leading to compromised performance, reduced innovation, or ballooning costs. Fortify’s innovative additive manufacturing technology has unlocked possibilities, design freedoms, and more powerful antenna systems across a wide range of antenna applications. This RF applications guide presents nine ways that 3D-printed dielectrics will transform and enhance your antenna design.

This application note provides a short technical introduction to voltage controlled oscillators and explains the most common and the most important measurements made during the VCO characterization process.

Digital filters provide a meaningful way of controlling the input spectra of communication systems over a wide range of applications. They can filter harmonics or isolate frequency bands to prevent intersymbol interference while saving you from the hassle of part procurement, PCB layout, and variations that come with their analog counterpart.

Operating within the 8.0–12.0 GHz frequency range, X-Band radar systems have proved vital across various industries, including meteorology, air traffic control, defense, and maritime services. Their exceptional resolution and accuracy make them indispensable in our technology-driven world.

Phased array, and more specifically Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) technology has been in use for several decades. This type of array uses active components to control the phase and amplitude weighting of individual elements or groups of elements to modify the array’s aperture distribution.