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The superior performance of active/advanced antenna systems (AAS) compared to traditional passive antenna systems (PAS) is driving a transition towards AAS for telecommunications base stations. These AAS are composed of several to even hundreds of antenna elements that, depending on the design, require distinct RF signal chains to the antenna elements.

In 5G and 6G, mmWaves bring the promise of new, high bandwidth frequency bands. Propagation losses and fast fading due to increasingly mobile devices and short wavelengths pose challenges for these new concepts. This paper explores the effectiveness of massive MIMO beamforming at mitigating mmWave propagation challenges using Wireless InSite and its mmWave hybrid beamformer capabilities to transmit data streams to a sedan driving in central Manhattan.

The space technology industry is defying gravity both literally and figuratively — driving innovation that pushes into new frontiers. Keysight’s new in-depth survey of the latest trends in the industry can help you identify:

• Drivers of market growth
• Enabling technologies
• Pain points you may face along the way

This application note describes the cold source technique as it is implemented on the R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer.

Learn why new technologies are being adopted to address the need for higher bandwidth in data centers to run increasingly complex tasks and applications. Learn how the use of ultra-low jitter reference clocks to provide the optimal system performance in data centers.

Analyzing co-site interference using electromagnetics simulation solutions requires:

• Accurate determination of the coupling between antennas over a broad frequency range
• Evaluation of the impact of non-linear electronic effects

This white paper describes how to analyze co-site interference on large multi-antenna platforms, modify proposed configurations, and easily eliminate co-site interference problems.

The expansion of electronic and radio frequency technology into almost every aspect of daily life has greatly increased the importance of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing. This educational note discusses the fundamentals of EMC precompliance testing: what precompliance is, why precompliance is important, and how precompliance testing is performed.

This Skyworks whitepaper discusses the role of holdover and its evolution from legacy SONET/SDH networks, which depend on frequency synchronization up to modern 5G mobile telecommunication which depend on frequency, phase, and time synchronization using IEEE 1588.

This paper looks at common system architectures for short- to medium-range AESA radars, with a focus on the front-end components used to enhance system performance. These components include the power amplifier (PA) for transmit, the low-noise amplifier (LNA) for receive, and the transmit-receive switch to connect the antenna to the electronics. Key features include the different power levels, frequency bands, and compact size required to use these systems in urban areas.

As the demand for higher frequencies and data rates and more accurate measurement capabilities increase, achieving ultra-low clock jitter for ADC and DAC converters becomes a critical specification. This paper illustrates how a high-quality crystal oscillator paired with a high-performance PLL/VCO enables small form factor, high-performance <30 fs clocks.