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This paper provides an introduction to error vector magnitude (EVM), which is the primary metric of modulation accuracy. It discusses the fundamentals of the digital modulation schemes used in modern radio frequency communications systems, in particular, APSK and QAM, the fundamentals of error vector magnitude, and basics of constellation diagrams and how constellation diagrams can often be used to diagnose or troubleshoot the common root causes of EVM.
Multi-tone testing has many benefits. While the multi-tone method was initially implemented to increase the speed of IEC 61000-4-3 radiated immunity testing, it has been found that this method also improves equipment efficiency, offers greater flexibility to truly test the equipment (EUT) under real-world threat conditions, and can be fully compliant to standards.
The prospect of offering large contiguous frequency bands to meet the demand for extremely high data transfer rates in the Tbit/s range is making terahertz (THz) waves a key research area for the next generation of wireless communications (6G). This white paper offers an overview of the fundamentals of THz waves and their properties for various applications with a focus on 6G based communications.
Next-generation electronic systems often demand increased RF power within a smaller footprint to meet demanding performance and size requirements. This paper discusses the impact of operating temperature on RF device performance and presents a thermal analysis solution in which the Cadence Celsius Thermal Solver is integrated with the AWR Design Environment RF/microwave platform.
Full-wave electromagnetic simulation of a Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) is not trivial given its electrical size. Typically, the reflector geometry is simulated using asymptotic methods using an assumed feed pattern, while RF absorber and its effects are ignored.
Download this poster to get a comprehensive overview of applications enabled by C-V2X; including example scenarios, an explanation of the different types of communications such as Uu and PC5 and a list of regional standards bodies.
Noise is an ever-present factor that affects the performance of wireless systems. In its broadest sense, noise represents undesired electromagnetic (EM) disturbances that can distort information-carrying EM signals. These distortions can originate from internal sources that are generated within electronic systems, as well as natural or man-made external sources, such as atmospheric noise, cosmic noise, and EM interference.
This white paper aims to provide you with a thorough overview of the major aspects of 5G non-terrestrial networks technology and corresponding challenges. We haveincorporated the latest state of the technology involved, representing the current status of the standardization work ongoing in 3GPP.
One challenge facing test engineers charged to evaluating today’s complicated wireless networks & devices is the sheer number of potential RF connections requiring scrutiny. Readers will learn how RF switch matrices can extend the port count of VNAs to meet the testing demands of modern wireless standards & sensing technologies.
For every mission-critical application, the space qualification and screening process is unique. Download our new white paper to learn more about the common standards and testing processes that will help ensure components are designed to operate reliably in challenging space environments.
