Here are a few key points to consider:

1️. Metal Interference: Large metal structures have a profound impact on antenna performance due to their size and conductivity. The presence of metal can cause signal reflection, scattering, and diffraction, leading to complex propagation patterns.

2️. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): The integration of antennas with metal structures can introduce electromagnetic compatibility challenges. The proximity to metallic components, such as radomes, can induce electromagnetic coupling, resulting in unwanted interference or radiation pattern distortions.

3. Multipath Propagation: When antennas are mounted on large metal structures, multipath propagation becomes a significant concern. Multipath refers to the phenomenon where signals reach the receiving antenna via multiple paths due to reflections and diffractions caused by metal surfaces.

4. Mechanical Constraints: Designing antennas for marine radars involves accommodating mechanical constraints imposed by the large metal structures. Factors such as weight, structural integrity, and environmental durability must be considered.