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Technical Feature Axial Ratio Measurements of Single Circularly Polarized Antennas Robert Gunnels Andrew Corp. Orland Park, IL The measurement of antenna axial ratios must be done properly if accurate results are to be obtained. When measuring on a terrestrial antenna test range, a straightforward approach is often used whereby...

Technical Feature Performing Transient Analysis on PLL Frequency Synthesizers A PLL can be considered a subsystem within a larger communications system, so it is appropriate to analyze this type of network with the help of a system-level simulator. The use of flexible behavioral models within the simulator allows only...

Product Feature A Hardware Multichannel Simulator for Wideband Wireless Systems Elektrobit Kauniainen, Finland Hardware-based multipath fading simulators have traditionally been used to generate up to two simultaneous fading channels. Mobile network testing and future wireless applications like geolocation, smart antennas and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, however, require...

Application Note Application and Operation of a Double OCXO Timo Reinhardt FOQ Piezo Technik GmbH Bad Rappenau, Germany Central switching centers make up the junction of mobile and stationary communications. In order to handle increasing data flows, this operation is performed at ever-higher frequencies and data speeds, and the...

Product Feature An Impedance- Controlled, High Precision Wafer Probe Tip for Applications Up to 40 GHz Suss/Rosenberger, Germany Dresden, Germany Fig. 1 The probe's contact spring assembly and transition to the coaxial air line. High precision is a vital prerequisite for the development and manufacture of high frequency cables...

Cover Feature Vector Network Analyzers For Measurements to 50 GHz Agilent Technologies Inc. Santa Rosa, CA The HP 8510 vector network analyzer introduced by Hewlett-Packard in 1985 revolutionized microwave measurements by combining advanced techniques for characterizing components with the computational power afforded by the microprocessor. For the first time,...

Technical Feature Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Overview Ali Zamanian Fluor Corp. Wireless broadband, also called wireless cable, was developed to provide local access to small business and residential users for the delivery of high quality digital data, video and voice services. Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) is a modulation...

Technical Feature Fractional-N Synthesizers David Owen IFR Systems Inc. Wichita, KS Fig. 1 A basic fractional-N system with no jitter correction based on a single accumulator. Fractional-N synthesizers have been used for many years to improve the performance of indirect frequency synthesizers. A simple indirect synthesizer consists of a...

Technical Feature Design of a Low Phase Noise Ku-band Oscillator Using a SiGe HBT Myrianne Regis, Hugues Lafontaine and Steve Kovacic SiGe Semiconductor Ottawa, ON, Canada Gilles Cibiel and Olivier Llopis LAAS-CNRS Toulouse, France In the past decade, the demand for microwave, millimeter-wave and wireless communication systems has rapidly...

Product Feature 220 to 325 GHz Vector Network Analysis Oleson Microwave Labs (OML) Morgan Hill, CA A new pair of vector network analyzer (VNA) frequency extension modules, covering 220 to 325 GHz, is being introduced along with a precision waveguide calibration kit. The models V03VNA-T/R and V03VNA-T are compatible...