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TECHNICAL FEATURE AN OBJECT-ORIENTED CIRCUIT SIMULATOR Abstract: The basic ideas behind the circuit simulator and design tool APLAC are presented in this article. The chosen way of implementation of this circuit simulator is based initially on nodal formulation and gyrator transforms, leading to a very general and powerful architecture....

TECHNICAL FEATURE EFFECTIVE CIRCUIT DESIGN TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE MOSFET POWER AMPLIFIER EFFICIENCY ANDREY V. GREBENNIKOV Institute of Microelectronics Singapore Newly developed low cost and highly linear, high gain and high power laterally diffused metal oxide semi-conductor (LDMOS) and vertically diffused metal oxide semiconductor (VDMOS) field-effect transistors are attractive devices...

TECHNICAL FEATURE CLOCK RECOVERY AT GIGABIT-PER-SECOND DATA RATES Abstract: Many devices used in high speed optical fiber terminal equipment are microwave electronic circuits. One such device is an electrical clock recovery circuit. Since bit rates of data signals in optical communications exceed 1 Gbps, the clock recovery technique becomes...

TECHNICAL NOTE PROTECTION AGAINST DANGEROUS LIGHTNING STRIKES AND THEIR SECONDARY EFFECTS Abstract: Traditional methods of lightning protection may actually increase the likelihood of lightning-related damage. The answer to proper lightning protection lies not in channeling lightning, but in preventing the charge from accumulating in the first place. This article...

TECHNICAL FEATURE THREE-SAMPLER NETWORK ANALYZER CALIBRATIONS DRAGO KOSTEVC AND JOZE MLAKAR University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia Calibration is the most important aspect of measurement with a network analyzer. The standard method for network analyzer calibration is short-open-load-through (SOLT) calibration.1 For calibration of four-sampler analyzers, the use of self-calibrating procedures...

TECHNICAL FEATURE DESIGNING FOR POWER AMPLIFIER EFFICIENCY: STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF SIGNALS MICHAL ODYNIEC Agilent Technologies Inc. Santa Clara, CA Multichannel amplifiers have become ubiquitous in modern communications, including cellular, satellite and other wireless systems. While power efficiency is well understood for CW signals, the amplitude of multicarrier signals varies...

SPECIAL REPORT COMPATIBILITY ISSUES BETWEEN BLUETOOTH AND HIGH POWER SYSTEMS IN THE ISM BANDS Abstract: Much discussion has taken place over the last several years about the tremendous growth potential for low power microwave chip devices for low power, unlicensed communications within the 2450 MHz band. Techniques for wireless...

SPECIAL REPORT BLUETOOTH PUTS BITE ON MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS Abstract: Within a year, devices of all kinds - from laptops and cell phones, to PDAs and household appliances - will be capable of communicating and interoperating with one another using a new wireless networking technology called Bluetooth. Before this happens,...

TUTORIAL MULTILAYER PROTOTYPE AND SERIES PRODUCTION KLAUS-DIETMAR MULLER LPKF Laser & Electronics AG Garbsen, Germany Multilayers, or multilayer PCBs, are circuit boards made up of several (more than two) electrical layers (copper layers) superimposed on one another. The copper layers are bonded together by resin layers (prepreg). WHAT MANUFACTURING...

TUTORIAL TESTING DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS HELEN WRIGHT Agilent Technologies Liberty Lake, WA There is a fundamental tradeoff in communication systems. Simple hardware can be used in transmitters and receivers to communicate information. However, this method uses a lot of spectrum, which limits the number of users. Alternatively,...