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A comb generator is a device with outputs that are multiple harmonics of an input signal. The output spectral tone lines are uniformly spaced at integer multiples of the input reference. A spectrum analyzer display of the output looks much like the teeth of a comb, which is how...

Used for remote sensing in various applications and environments, microwave and millimeter-wave radiometers (RM) require frequent calibration. Microwave radiometers measure noise temperature using a suitable antenna which is designed to match a scene of interest, as shown in Figure 1 . In a technical sense, if the antenna's main...

Wireless communications handsets are increasing in functionality through the addition of features such as GPS, color displays and PDA functions. At the same time the handset is maintaining a roughly constant price and size target. Because of this trend, handset manufacturers are requiring higher levels of integration from component...

As wireless systems evolve from second- to third- or fourth-generation, the linearity, efficiency and bandwidth requirements for power amplifiers become more stringent. Many techniques, including feedforward, envelope feedback and manifold types of predistorters, have been employed to effectively satisfy these performance requirements and to reduce the production costs for...

In multi-carrier power amplifiers, a feedforward technique is generally adopted due to its extremely linear and broadband characteristics. 1 However, the feedforward technique requires large circuits and is expensive because of its complexity. It uses two cancellation paths, and delay lines are inserted in each path to adjust the...

For the third-generation (3G) mobile radio standards, a very high linearity transmitter that can support high crest factor signals is necessary. High linearity and high efficiency are critical issues in amplifier design. In fact, as the power amplifier operates close to the saturation region where both high efficiency and...

Cellular base station receivers work in the presence of high level blockers/interferers while being required to sense weak signals of interest at the antenna. The interferers are usually rejected by filters but only at an intermediate frequency (IF) after the first down conversion. The LNA and mixer preceding the...

PIN diodes have been widely used in a variety of microwave and RF applications, including antenna switches, phase shifters and attenuators. PIN diode attenuators are used extensively in automatic gain control (AGC) and RF leveling applications. Most PIN diode attenuators control the attenuation characteristics through the forward bias current....

In order to unlock the vast potential of the African market, Globacom, the second national carrier of Nigeria, has awarded Alcatel a major global frame contract, with an initial order of 675 M, for the supply of a nation-wide turnkey mobile and fixed telecommunications network, including microwave routes. The...

Marrying the skills of two leading companies, the Sweden-based telecom operator Tele2 AB has awarded Siemens Information and Communication Mobile Group (Siemens mobile) the contract to build its GSM 1800 network throughout the Russian Federation. As per the agreement, Siemens mobile will provide the switching network, radio base stations...