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This article is intended to provide insight into the effective operation of variable gain amplifiers (VGA) in automatic gain control (AGC) applications. Figure 1 is a general block diagram for an AGC loop. The input signal passes through the VGA to produce the output level to be stabilized. The...

2003 IEEE MTT-S IMS Technical Program The detailed program of events is available at www.ims2003.org ....

Assessing mixer spurs reliably can enable first-cut success in communication hardware design with reduced development time and product cost. The tools used to determine these spurs must be able to manipulate LO, RF and IF frequencies concurrently over their continuous bandwidths. These tools can be either standard graphical charts...

The latest line of Focus Microwaves’ tuners features a completely redesigned control electronics based on a powerful real-time microprocessor that is capable of controlling up to six motors simultaneously. The iTuners are programmed via a TCP/IP interface, thus no dedicated external hardware is required and any computer with a...

In-Stat/MDR estimates that US enterprise businesses (firms with 1000 or more employees) spent more than $225 B on information technology (IT) in 2002, up three percent from 2001 estimates. By 2006, In-Stat/MDR estimates that enterprise firms will spend nearly $256 B on information technology products, services and personnel. Enterprises...

Space Systems/Loral, a subsidiary of Loral Space and Communications, announced that it has resumed construction of Wildblue-1, the world's first commercially dedicated, all-Ka-band, multiple spot beam, broadband satellite for Wildblue Communications Inc., Denver, CO. Wildblue recently announced that INTELSAT, Liberty Satellite and Technology Inc., the National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative...

The IEEE P802.11g™ standard for wireless local area networks (LAN), which will extend the data rate of the IEEE 802.11b™-1999 to 54 Mbps from its current level of 11 Mbps, has been approved by the IEEE 802.11 Working Group. Two approval steps remain within the consensus process followed by...

Micronova, the new microelectronics and nanotechnology centre for Finland, has been inaugurated in Espoo. A joint project of the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) and the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) the centre houses three research areas of VTT Information Technology, units of various HUT departments and five...

During the Global Certification Forum (GCF) meeting held in London in March, Anritsu Corp. set the pace by becoming the first company to obtain approval for 3GPP RF Test Cases as defined in the 3GPP Terminal Conformance Specification. In addition, the company received GCF approval for an industry leading...

Clearly hitting the commercial target, the European space company Astrium and its subsidiary, EurasSpace - Gesellschaft für Raumfahrttechnik mbH (Munich) - has signed a contract with the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST) to deliver the world's largest antenna measuring range to China. The system, worth approximately €12 M,...