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In the design and use of coaxial devices, a knowledge of the leakage characteristics of radio-frequency cables and connectors is important, both in measurements and in the design of operational and test equipment. The evaluation and measurement of electromagnetic leakage through solid conductors, braids, screens, slits and other configurations...

Microstrip resonators have very important applications in microwave or millimeter-wave systems. They are important components of microstrip filters, microstrip oscillators and microstrip antennas, and enable miniaturization of microwave equipment with improved performance. The performance of a microstrip resonator relies on the electromagnetic field distribution, the resonant frequency and the...

Ku-band down-converter MMICs and receiver chips have been reported in the literature. 1–3 However, for one-chip transceiver applications in Ku-band, the following problems should be solved: • Ku-band commercial down-converter MMICs have been fabricated using GaAs MESFETs and HEMTs 1–3 because they can be easily integrated on one chip...

An optoelectronic device performs the transition between optical and electrical components. The trans-impedance amplifier is the most suitable preamplifier configuration in optoelectronic receivers. A block diagram of the circuit module is shown in Figure 1 . The trans-impedance amplifier is the first stage electrical amplifier in the receiver chain...

Hybrid mode horn radiators with high aperture efficiency and low cross-polarization levels are commonly used in wideband or multi-beam antennas in modern telecommunications. Such applications usually require the accurate prediction and optimization of the antenna performance parameters for both fundamental and higher order mode operation. Although various analysis tools...

The rapid expansion of digital RF applications has driven the measurement needs of many applications including mobile communications and spectrum management beyond the capabilities of swept spectrum and vector signal analysis. To address these new requirements, Tektronix has developed Digital Phospor Technology (DPX™) with live RF that first became...

Signal generators have traditionally been amongst the most expensive pieces of test equipment found in RF and microwave test laboratories. Due to their high cost they are often in short supply and must be shared among multiple employees, between various test set-ups and sometimes even among multiple laboratories. This...

The conversion from analog to digital technologies, in such fields as wireless communications, music and video, has historically emerged first in the high end of their respective markets. Initial appearances of digital technology are usually seen in those applications requiring leading-edge performance. The same pattern has been emerging, albeit...

Fabless in Hyderabad AMTL develops standard products based on robust and reliable designs fabricated at GaAs foundries around the world. AMTL products are tested and packaged as per customer requirement at the state-of-the-art facility available with the parent company. AMTL also designs high performance MMICs for customer specific applications....

Northrop Grumman Corp. has successfully demonstrated the capability to generate high-resolution, in-flight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) maps using the AESA (active electronically scanned array) radar being produced for the US Air Force’s F-22 Raptor fighter aircraft. “The flight tests, on board a company BAC 1-11 test bed aircraft, have...